keskiviikko 2. tammikuuta 2013

Serotonin theory of depression may be misleading


Serotonin theory of depression may be misleading

Heikki Juntunen - Joensuun Yliopisto - opponenttina Minna Haapio

Doctors and lay people alike often claim that depression is caused by a low content of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, and that drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) correct this imbalance and therefore may cure the depression.
However, many experts today say that the evidence for the serotonin theory is circumstantial and tenuous.
The flimsiness of this theory may be the reason for recent observations that medication with antidepressants often is no better than placebo.

There is mounting evidence that depression may be associated with a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids, abundantly present in fish oil.
This "phospholipid hypothesis" of depression has been supported by research showing that omega-3 fatty acid concentration in the blood of depressed patients is lower than that in healthy persons.
Supplementation with fish oil, especially an omega-3 fatty acid called E-EPA, as complementary treatment, has been tested in a number of clinical trials, and found effective.
Fish oil contains about 50 different fatty acids, but only EPA seems to be antidepressive.
Therefore, a highly purified EPA oil is the fish oil of choice for depressive patients.

Personally, I have good experience about the intake of a combination of E-EPA and a biologically active protein called carnosine.

I would like to tell you something my personal experience about using serotonin drugs.
About 10 years ago I had a very big work project and I got extremely stressed.I went to see a doctor and I told him about my fatigue. The doctor listened to me and said that SSRI drugs would make me feel better in a couple of months time. I felt greatfull for the prescription he gave me. But when I started taking the drug I noticed that my mood become worse day by day. I suffered from the side effects of this drug for a very long time and I went to tell the doctor about my exprerience, but he didn´t understand me. He only looked in his book and said that thre was something wrong with my mind.

In the internet I started to look information about the drug and I found many interetsing web sites, for example Dr Matti Tolonen site, where he told about psychiatric medicines and what kind of side effects they have. I found also many other interesting medical reports by Drs Antti Heikkilä, Peter Lehman, Markku Myllykangas and others. I also read some medical books about drugs and I took part in an internet chat discussing these aspects.

This was a big awake for me and I stated wondering about the use of medication in general. I asked many questions like: Why doctors don´t listen their patients? "Why do they prescribe so much drugs?"

I read many analyses of critical doctors who blaimed the pharmaceutical industry for the problem.
It is in the interest of the industry to make more and more money and that is why they bribe the doctors to prescribe drugs.
The industry also pays for some doctors to publish biased articles in medical journals in order to promote the sales od drugs.
Recently it turned out, that one third of clinical studies on depression, sponsored by the pharma industry, was never published, because the results were negative.
Therefore the impression given to doctors about the benefits of the drugs is biased.

In my view, the answer to this guestion is a very natural. We should use more natural products, like E-EPA, which have good scientific documentation.
Taking too much drugs will destroy our own immune system and brains. Natural way is natural.
Theory:::
Lipids are found in all living molecules and play an essential role in
he maintenance of life. Lipids which contain a phosphate moiety are
grouped together as phospholipids. The main reason phospholipids are of
such great interest is their presence in cell membranes. In the 1970s
professor David F. Horrobin presented a new model of neuropsychiatric
disorders suggesting that the flaw is in the phospholipid membranes of
the cells. Research has, in fact, confirmed that the fatty acid
composition of the cells of depressive and bipolar patients differ from
that of the healthy ones: the patinents seem to be deficient in omega-3
fatty acids. Consequently the psychiatrists have tested whether
supplementation with these fatty acids might be clinically effective.
The most important omega-3 for depression is called EPA.

Fosfolipiditeoria
Tutkijat ovat pytkineet keksimään selityksiä kalaöljyn suuremmoisille vaikutuksille mielenterveysongelmissa. Suosittu - muttei ainoa - selitys on ns. fosfolipiditeoria, jonka mukaan psykiatrisissa ja neurologisissa häiriöissä aivosolujen kalvojen rasvahappotasapaino on häiriintynyt ja solukalvojen fosfolipidit tuhoutuvat (Mahadik ym. 2002). Muutokset näkyvät sekä punaosolujen että aivolujen rasvahappopitoisuuksissa (Richardson ym. 2000a ja 2000b) ja magneettikuvissa, joiden avulla voidaan nykyisin tutkia aivojen aineenvaihduntaa (Ho ym. 2003, Richardson ym. 2001, Puri ym. 2002). Skitsofreenikon aivojen surkastuma on jo edennyt pitkälle siinä vaiheessa kun ensimmäiset kliiniset oireet ilmenevät (Ho ym. 2003). Myös ns. niasiinin aiheuttama ihon punoitustesti (niasin skin flush test) tukee fosfolipiditeoriaa (Puri ym. 2001). Solukalvojen vauriot rappeuttavat neuroneja eli hermosoluja. Tohtori Purin mukaan E-EPA stimuloi jotenkin aivoja tuottamaan uusia kantasoluja, jotka siten erilaistuvat neuroneiksi eli aivosoluiksi. Tämä selittäisi hyvin sen, että E-EPA-hoito on palauttanut ennalleen aivojen surkastunutta rakennetta masennus- ja skitsofreniapotilailla.
Myös kroonisesta väsymysoireyhtymästä kärsivien potilaiden aivoissa vallitsee epänormaali fosfolipidien aineenvaihdunta (Puri ym. 2002). Fosfolipidit ovat kaikkien aivosolujen kalvojen oleellisia rakenneosia, joiden poikkeamat aiheuttavat psyykkisiä muutoksia, kuten stressiä ja väsymystä. Puutos estää aivojen välittäjäaineita toimimasta normaalisti (Fallbrook ym. 1999). Erityisesti aivosolujen kalvojen fosfolipideistä puuttuu kalaöljystä tunnettua DHA-rasvahappoa (dokosaheksaeenihappoa).

But now take a rest. You can loose your tie. This things what I have spoken you are not so proclaim in church that you must absolutely believe them. Today we are only exercising English. Don´t miss the head thing. I´m not selling you fishoil.

I have been very interested like this medicine inspection and I have read very many inspection thought I am car mecanic. This is only my hobby to read like this inspection.

Markku Myllykangas from Kuopio universitet said that medikalisation is a big problem today. I think that selling fishoil everywhere and putting EPA every product is also medikalisation. Medikalisation makes health people sick, using too much medicine.

Today one scientist say that this is a good medicine to morrow other scientist said that this is toxic. Our world is changing every day.

V.I.Lenin said when he was still living: “Everything change, nothing stay constant.” Lenin is still laying in hix class box, but his body is dead and his ideology is dead.” In the class box there is only conserved meat.

We must think exactly, what things and ieology we are running behind. Peoples can claim you. We every Peoples are selfish and we are thinking only our own thinks and only our best. Peoples can mislead you.

But I can tell you happy news. In the world there is one thing what does not mislead you. It is the word of god. It is the living word of god.

I found it in my life in 1981 when I game believer and it is still living in my life. Every 30 years. Until this time I have not loose it because God is faithful.

We can trust when the gospel say that Jesus have died for our sins. Jesus come to this world little child and he lived his life without making any sins. But in spite of this we crucified him to the calvary cross with ours sins. After that Jesus died really he died. But death couldn´t hold him.

In the third day he rise up from the calvary tomb and he get salvation for every people who believe this.
The Bible say that you can be saved if you believe this thing.

This is my way to life. Bible says that Jesus is only way to God do you believe it.

The world is full of different ways to different things. But only one is necessary.


Serotonin theory of depression may be misleading

Doctors and lay people alike often claim that depression is caused by a low content of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, and that drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) correct this imbalance and therefore may cure the depression. However, many experts today say that the evidence for the serotonin theory is circumstantial and more and more tenuous. This flaw in this theory may be the reason for recent observations that medication with antidepressants often is no better than placebo.

There is mounting evidence that depression may be associated with a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids, abundantly present in fish oil. This "phospholipid hypothesis" of depression has been supported by research showing that omega-3 fatty acid concentration in the blood of depressed patients is lower than that in healthy persons. Supplementation with fish oil, especially an omega-3 fatty acids called E-EPA, as complementary treatment, has been tested in many clinical trials, and found effective. Fish oil contains about 50 different fatty acids, but only EPA seems to be antidepressive. Therefore, a highly purified EPA oil is the fish oil of choice for depressive patients.

3 kommenttia:

  1. Matti Tolonen ansver:

    Hyvä hepanteri, olet aivan oikeilla jäljillä. Vähän lisää englanninkielen harjoitusta uudesta kirjasta, samasta aiheesta:

    “The idea that depression is caused by low serotonin levels in the brain is now deeply embedded in popular folklore, and people with no neuroscience background at all will routinely incorporate phrases about it into everyday discussion of their mood, just keep their serotonin levels up. Many people also 'know' that this is how antidepressant drugs work: depression is caused by low serotonin, so you need drugs which raise the serotonin levels of your brain, like SSRI antidepressants, which are “selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. But this theory is wrong. […It] was always shaky, and the evidence now is hugely contradictory. […It, the theory] is marketed so effectively. In drug adverts and educational material you can see it recycled, simply and plainly, because it makes absolute sense: depression is caused by too little serotonin, therefore our pill, which raises serotonin levels, will fix it. […] This is not a belief that arose spontaneously out of somewhere: it has been carefully fostered and maintained.”
    - Dr Ben Goldacre: Bad Pharma. How drug companies mislead doctors and harm patients. Forth Estate, London 2012

    Kannattaa katsoa Benin 13 minuutin luento siitä, kuinka lääkärikuntaa harhautetaan lääketutkimuksissa. Potilaalla on oikeus uskoa, että hänen lääkärinsä tuntee lääkkeet hyvin ja tietää tarkkaan, mitä potilas tarvitsee ja mikä on juuri hänelle paras ja turvallisin hoito. Tosiasiassa lääkäreille on annettu aivan harhainen kuva lääkkeiden tehosta ja turvallisuudesta. Tärkeimpänä syynä on julkaisuharha, publication bias: Epämieluisat tulokset jätetään julkaisematta ja vain lääketeollisuudelle edulliset tulokset julkaistaan. Muitakin syitä virheelliseen lääkeinfoon toki on, mutta tässä tärkeimmät, jotka mahtuvat alle varttitunnin luentoon:
    Ben Goldacre: What doctors don't know about the drugs they prescribe. 13:20 min
    http://20.fi/8773
    Ben Goldacre Wikipediassa
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Goldacre

    VastaaPoista
  2. Esimerkiksi Medscapen
    sivuilla tuodaan julki se, että ainakin SSRI-lääkkeiden markkinoinnin ja
    lääkkeitä koskevan tutkimustiedon välillä on iso kuilu.

    Lääkkeitä koskevat
    markkinointiväittämät ovat ilmeisesti usein liioiteltuja, eivätkä perustu
    täysin tieteelliseen näyttöön.

    "Advertisements in the U.S. for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
    (SSRIs) are not based on science, according to an essay published in the
    December issue of the Public Library of Science (PLoS) Medicine. Since the
    1960s, investigators have proposed the 'serotonin hypothesis,' which
    implicates low brain levels of serotonin in depression. However, extensive
    research to date has failed to confirm this theory."

    "Consumer advertisements for SSRIs in the U.S. 'typically claim that
    depression, or other psychiatric condition, is probably caused by a chemical
    imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and that SSRIs correct this
    imbalance,' lead author Jeffrey R. Lacasse, MSW, a PhD candidate at Florida
    State University College of Social Work in Tallahassee, told Medscape. 'They
    routinely use visual portrayals of a nerve synapse demonstrating the action
    of SSRIs, showing a 'chemical imbalance' which is then 'corrected' by the
    medication.'

    Gordon McCarter, PhD, an assistant professor of biological sciences at the
    College of Pharmacy of Touro University in Vallejo, California, agreed that
    the evidence for an 'imbalance' in neurotransmitters causing depression is
    'circumstantial' and 'more and more tenuous.'"

    http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516262

    VastaaPoista
  3. SSRI- stories

    Mielestäni jokainen voi tehdä omat päätelmänsä SSRI-lääkkeiden vaikutuksesta pelkästään lukemalla seuraavan internet sivun ja katsomalla kaikki linkit:
    http://www.ssristories.com/index.php

    Tuon sivun jälkeen on turha väittää, että SSRI-lääkkeillä ei ole mitään sivuvaikutuksia. Tiedän sen omasta kokemuksesta, kun söin niitä itse kuusi vuotta lääkärin määräyksestä, kunnes lopetin ne jo monta vuotta sitten huomattuani, että niillä on itsemurhaan ja väkivaltaiseen käytökseen johtava vaikutus.

    Olen henkilökohtaiselta vakaumukseltani kristitty, enkä katso väkivaltavideoita, enkä harrasta muutakaan kriminaalia. Olen elämäntavoiltani vakaa ja vapaa ja silti näiden SSRI-lääkkeiden vaikutuksesta minulle tuli väkivaltaisia ajatuksia. Siitä voin tajuta, että syy oli lääkkeissä, ei elämäntavoissa. Lopetettuani SSRI-lääkkeiden syömisen ja aloitettuani E-Epan ja Karnosiinin syömisen, pääsin eroon noista väkivaltaisista ajatuksista, jotka sotivat vakaumustani vastaan.

    VastaaPoista